8 Simple Rules for Russian Verb Conjugation

Russian verbs change according to their tense, person, and number. This guide to Russian verb conjugation provides basic rules for conjugating regular verbs in the present tense. The Russian present tense is simpler than the English present tense, as there is only one present tense verb form. To illustrate this point, consider the sentence Ã'  Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'Ž. This statement can mean I read, I have been reading, or I am reading. Thanks to this simplified present tense, basic verb conjugation in Russian is easier than you might expect. Follow these eight steps to begin conjugating Russian verbs. Rule 1: Russian Verb Forms Russian verbs have six forms in the present tense: 1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person, all of which can be singular or plural. The verb ending tells us the point of view (1st, 2nd, or 3rd) and the number (singular/plural) of the verb. Rule 2: Verb Conjugation Groups There are two groups of verb conjugation in Russian: first conjugation and second conjugation. First conjugation verbs have the endings -Ã'Æ' (-Ã'Ž),  -Ð µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' (-Ã'‘Ã'ˆÃ'Å'),  -Ð µÃ'‚ (-Ã'‘Ã'‚),  -Ð µÃ ¼ (-Ã'‘Ð ¼),  -Ð µÃ'‚Ð µ (-Ã'‘Ã'‚Ð µ), and -Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ (-Ã'ŽÃ'‚). Second conjugation verbs have the endings -Ã'Æ' (-Ã'Ž),  -Ð ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å',  -Ð ¸Ã'‚,  -Ð ¸Ã ¼,  -Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ,  -Ð °Ã'‚ (-Ã' Ã'‚).   Rule 3: How to Check a Conjugation Group There are two ways to determine a verbs conjugation group. First, look at the personal ending if it is under stress: Ð ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' – Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'‘Ã'ˆÃ'Å', Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'‘Ã'‚, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'ŽÃ'‚ (first conjugation)Ð ³Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' – Ð ³Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å', Ð ³Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã ¸Ã'‚ (second conjugation) Second, if the personal ending is not stressed, look at the suffix before the ending -Ã'‚Ã'Å' in the infinitive form of the verb and follow these steps. Put the verb in its infinitive, e.g. Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚ - Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'Check which vowel comes before the ending -Ã'‚Ã'Å'. For example: in Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å', it is Ã' .Use these rules to determine whether the verb is first or second conjugation. Rule 4: Endings in Second Conjugation Verbs Second conjugation verbs are: All verbs ending in -Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' in their infinitive form (exceptions: Ð ±Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å')7 verbs ending with -Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å': Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ½Ã µÃ ½Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ·Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã' Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ð ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å'4 verbs ending with -Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å': Ã' Ã »Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ³Ã ½Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å'All derivatives of these verbs, e.g. Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ ³Ã ½Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å' Rule 5: Endings in First Conjugation Verbs First Conjugation verbs are those that in their infinitive form end in -Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å', -Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å', -Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å', -Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã'Å', -Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'Å', -Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'Å'. Rule 6: How to Remember The Correct Conjugation Group Heres a helpful poem to remember which verbs are in the second conjugation group. КÐ ¾ Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¼Ã'Æ' Ð ¶Ã µ Ã' Ã ¿Ã'€Ã' Ã ¶Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'ŽÐžÃ'‚Ð ½Ã µÃ' Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ¼Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã µÃ · Ã' Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ½Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' Ãâ€™Ã' Ã µ Ð ³Ã »Ã °Ã ³Ã ¾Ã »Ã'‹, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã ° –Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å',ИÃ' Ã ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð °Ã'  Ð ±Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å',Ð  Ð µÃ'‰Ð µ: Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ã' Ã »Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ½Ã µÃ ½Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å',Ð ³Ã ½Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ð ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å',Ð ¸ Ð ·Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã' Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ¸ Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å'. Rule 7: Finding The Stem To find the stem of a verb, take away the last letter from the first person singular form of the verb (Ã' ). For example, Ã'  Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'Ž becomes Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' . Next, take off the last three letters the ending from the second person singular form of the verb (Ã'‚Ã'‹). For example, Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' becomes Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' . Finally, compare the two results. If they are the same, either result is the stem. If they are not the same, then the second result is the stem. Rule 8: Attaching The Ending Take the stem of your verb (Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' ) and find the correct ending based on the verbs conjugation group. If it is a first conjugation verb, use the endings -Ã'Æ' (-Ã'Ž),  -Ð µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' (-Ã'‘Ã'ˆÃ'Å'),  -Ð µÃ'‚ (-Ã'‘Ã'‚),  -Ð µÃ ¼ (-Ã'‘Ð ¼),  -Ð µÃ'‚Ð µ (-Ã'‘Ã'‚Ð µ), and -Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ (-Ã'ŽÃ'‚). If it is a second conjugation verb, use the endings -Ã'Æ' (-Ã'Ž),  -Ð ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å',  -Ð ¸Ã'‚,  -Ð ¸Ã ¼,  -Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ,  -Ð °Ã'‚ (-Ã' Ã'‚). Exceptions Some verbs are conjugated with endings from both the first and the second conjugation forms. For example: Ã'  Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‡Ã'Æ' (ya khaCHOO) - I wantÃ'‚Ã'‹ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' (ty KHOchysh) - you wantÐ ¾Ã ½ / Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚ (on / aNA KHOchyt) - he / she wantsÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼ (my khaTEEM) - we wantÐ ²Ã'‹ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ (vy khaTEEty) - you wantÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã' Ã'‚ (aNEE khaTYAT) - they want Ã'  Ð ±Ã µÃ ³Ã'Æ' (ya byeGOO) - I am running / I runÃ'‚Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã µÃ ¶Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å' (ty byeZHYSH) - you (singular / familiar) are running / you runÐ ¾Ã ½ / Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ð ±Ã µÃ ¶Ã ¸Ã'‚ (on / aNA byZHYT) - he / she is running / he / she runsÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã µÃ ¶Ã ¸Ã ¼ (my byZHYM) - we are running / we runÐ ²Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã µÃ ¶Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ (vy byZHYty) - you (plural) are running / you runÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ±Ã µÃ ³Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ (aNEE byGOOT) - they are running / they run First Conjugation Example Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' (gooLYAT) - to walk, to strollÐ ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã'  - the verbs stem Ã'  Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'Ž (ya gooLYAyu) - I am walking / I walkÃ'‚Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' (ty gooLYAysh) - you (singular / familiar) are walking / you walkÐ ¾Ã ½/Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚ (on/aNA gooLYAyt) - he / she is walking / he/ she walksÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ ¼ (my gooLYAyim) - we are walking / we walkÐ ²Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ (vy gooLYAytye) - you (plural) are walking / you walkÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'ŽÃ'‚ (aNEE gooLYAyut) - they are walking / they walk Second Conjugation Examples Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å' (dySHAT) - to breatheÐ ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆ - the verbs stem Ã'  Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÃ'Æ' (ya dySHOO) - I am breathing / I breatheÃ'‚Ã'‹ Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å' (ty DYshysh) - you (singular / familiar) are breathing / you breatheÐ ¾Ã ½/Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã'‚ (on / aNA DYshyt) - he / she is breathing / he / she breathesÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã ¼ (my DYshym) - we are breathing / we breatheÐ ²Ã'‹ Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã'‚Ð µ (vy DYshytye) - you (plural) are breathing / you breatheÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚ (aNEE DYshut) - they are breathing / they breathe Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' (VEEdyt) - to seeÐ ²Ã ¸Ã ´ - the verbs stem Ã'  Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ¶Ã'Æ' (ya VEEzhoo) - I am seeing / I see*Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å' - you (singular / familiar) are seeing/ you seeÐ ¾Ã ½ / Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚ - he / she is seeing / he / she seesÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ¼ - we are seeing / we seeÐ ²Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ - you (plural) are seeing / you seeÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã' Ã'‚ - they are seeing / they see (*Please note that in some verbs, consonants positioned before the personal endings can change. Here, Ð ´ changes to Ð ¶ in first person singular.)

Absurdism In The Stranger, By Albert Camus - 983 Words

The novel The Stranger written by The French author Albert Camus was published in 1942. The author wrote about what he felt and his views on the world and society. He had very unconventional ideas about morality and believed that life has no rational meaning. These ideas and thoughts are what make this book absurd and very eccentric. Camus philosophy led to what was later known as Absurdism. Absurdism is the need to look for a meaning to life and their inability to find one In the beginning of the book the main character whos name is Meursault is asking his boss for time off to attend his mothers funeral. In the first line he says â€Å"maman died today†. Meursault sees that the coffin has already been sealed. Meursault†¦show more content†¦Throughout the story Meursalt continues to see Marie. He never mentions her personality, he only really cares about her appearance. She asks him after being together for some time if he wanted to marry her and his response was i t makes no difference to me at all. Marie then asks him if he loves her. He replied even though love doesnt mean anything I dont believe I love you . Despite all of this and despite how peculiar Marie thinks this is she decided she wants to marry him anyway. Pretty absurd right? Marriage is for when youre ready to be with someone forever and in love with them, Meursalt didnt seem to have those feelings. Meursault and his friend Raymond get into a fight with a few arabs and one of the arab men stabs Meursault’s friend Raymond. They rush Raymond to the doctor. You would think maybe Meursault does care and have feelings , but no once again the absurdity. Meursault does not feel like dealing and talking to any doctor, he said its not important so instead he watched the ocean and smokes a cigarette. Later that night Meursault is walking on the beach and encounters the arab man by himself. The arab man pulls his knife out and Meursault with no remorse pulls out his gun and fires it four times into the arabian man’s body. He sees no significance of human existence . He sees the same outcome whether he shoots the gun or not because the loss of the arab’s life does not matter , or what he claims.Show MoreRelatedDefinition Of Absurdism In The Stranger By Albert Camus1490 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of absurdism is stated on Merriam-Webster dictionary as the â€Å"p hilosophy theory about the belief that the universe is irrational and meaningless, the search for order brings the individual into conflict with the universe† ( Merriam Webster). The absurdist philosopher Albert Camus once supported the philosophical belief by saying an individuals should embrace the absurd condition of human existence while also defiantly continuing to explore and search for meaning (Albert Camus). 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Managing Hybrid Marketing Systems Free Essays

Managing Hybrid Marketing Systems In the article we read that companies create hybrid marketing systems by adding channels and communications methods. A company generally must reach new customers or segments to sustain growth. It usually supplements existing channels and methods with new ones designed to attract and develop new customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Hybrid Marketing Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now This addition of new channels and methods create a hybrid marketing system. Hybrid systems are hard to manage. It is an important way to increase sales and decrease costs. For example, IBM and Apple started adding new channels and communications methods and by these IBM and Apple created hybrid marketing systems. Smart managers recognize the high risks of operating hybrid systems. A hybrid can be hard to manage. The result is the same whether the migration is from direct to indirect channels (such as IBM) or from indirect to direct channels (such as Apple). Hybrid Marketing Systems can offer substantial rewards. For example, if a company captures benefits of a hybrid system with increased coverage, lower costs and customized approaches then that company will enjoy significant competitive advantage over rivals that cling to traditional ways. The need to contain costs is another powerful force behind the spread of hybrid systems when companies look for ways to reach customers that are more efficient than direct selling. At the heart of the problem of designing and managing hybrid systems is the fundamental question of what mix of channels and communication methods can be best to accomplish the assortment of tasks required to identify, sell and manage customers. The trick to designing and managing hybrid systems is to disaggregate demand-generation tasks both within and across marketing system. It recognizes that channels are not the basic building blocks of a marketing system but marketing tasks are. This analysis of tasks and channels will identify the hybrid’s basic components and permit managers to design and manage the system effectively. A map of tasks and channels is called a hybrid grid. It can help managers make sense of their hybrid system. For example a hybrid grid can be used to illustrate graphically what happened at Write Line and what have happened differently. In seeking to build and manage hybrid system the companies must recognize and communicate the existence of conflict as the first and most important step. Maintaining order in a hybrid marketing system is a complex administrative challenge. An MSP system acts as the central nervous system that coordinates the channels and tasks of a hybrid system. How to cite Managing Hybrid Marketing Systems, Papers

Capital Budgeting Evaluation of Investments †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Capital Budgeting: Evaluation of Investments. Answer: Introduction Besides the financial aspects of a project appraisal, it is crucial for the investor to consider the various non-financial aspects facing that project appraisal (Mohamed and McCowan, 2001). This should be done before the final decision to undertake the project is made. On noting that there exist many limitations to financial data, Ittner and Larcker (2000) concluded that other measures would be better in the evaluation of a companys performance. For instance, they suggested that quality would be better in forecasting. However, they noted that some of these measures could be difficult to implement. The traditional systems that were financially oriented have been in the modern period been disregarded by most managers, with allegations that its working is no longer adequate. They criticized the insertion of major emphasis on accounting returns and earning, rather on the drivers of value i.e. innovation, employees and customer satisfaction and quality (Ittner and Larcker, 2000). Pest and swot analysis will be used in the identification of these factors. Non-financial Factors for Evaluating Investment Projects Strengths The key role played by the system of performance measures is that of strategy development, organizational objectives evaluation and achievement and on managers compensation. They are the strength of considering the non-financial factors. Weakness However, companies are faced with a major challenge in choosing the performance measures; this is a major weakness in considering the non-financial factors (Gotze, Northcott and Schuster, 2015). There are many non-financial factors which proofs an investment to be performing well. First, the climatic issues. Opportunity and Threats Recently, green activities have gained popularity such that a company that is not investing in preserving the environment is viewed by the public as irresponsible and unresponsive (Chinweike, 2009). This is the environmental analysis part; the company should avoid pollution of the environment. The public are the potential customers to a companys product. A company that includes some non-financially sound projects in its investment is able to preserve the benefits. Consideration of the impacts that could result on the environment from investment on a project is important (Ingram, 2016).This is one of the major opportunities posed by this consideration. The major threat of considering the non-financial factors is that most projects may not pass the test for non-financial evaluation to be considered viable. Political Analysis Second, governments regulation. There are relevant laws set by the government concerning investments. The actions and inactions of the government have consequences that should be considered by managers (Chinweike, 2011). This is the political analysis part. While this is obvious, many investors have disregarded it in appraising projects. Economic Analysis Third, backend profits/sales. These sales result from the inclusion of some non-profitable projects in the companys investment. According to Chinweike (2009), these projects are targeted to bring in more customers into the business. Fourth, the actions of competitors. A company may be considered financially viable without considering the aspect of competitors. As soon as the project is initiated, the competitors could implement various strategies that would make the project less profitable, or rather losses could be made. By considering the impact that could be caused by all the possible actions of the competitors, investors will have some assurance that the project will generate some profit, and if not, its not a good investment. Social Analysis Fifth, the customers satisfaction. Customers are the kings of investments. It is, therefore, crucial to consider the extent of satisfaction they will derive from the intended project investment (McMenamin, 2002). The products of a project should be affordable and yield many benefits to the consumers. This is, therefore, an important non-financial factor as it will determine the level of the companys sales. Sixth, the motivation of staff. Some investment discourages the motivation of the staff (Ingram, 2016). Therefore, an investment project should only be engaged into, if and only it proofs to motivate the staff (Chinweike, 2011). Technological Analysis Seventh, availability of manpower. In the real sense, manpower is an essential requirement for every investment. The equipment invested needs manpower to be in operation. The company should, therefore, consider the availability of sufficient supply of the same. This is the technical analysis part. It may be difficult to connect with skilled manpower after the project is initiated if this was not considered earlier. The Comparison of IRR and NPV When an investor is interested in measuring the possible benefits that could be derived from making a certain investment, the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) are the two commonly used methods (Kaushal, 2015). The NPV method gives a direct measure of the dollars that will be received by the stockholders i.e. it is measured in currency terms, while the IRR method gives the return on the original invested money. I.e. it is measured in percentage returns expected. With IRR a project can be chosen if returns are higher, by ignoring the initial investment size (Schmidt, 2013). Large projects with lower returns may be having huge positive NPVs. While the measure of NPV is absolute, that of IRR is relative. On the analysis of mutually exclusive projects, both the IRR and the NPV are useful metrics. However, the direction pointed by these metrics is not always the same. This is due to the variation is the timing of cash flows and the size of the projects. IRR dep ends on the internal factors of the projects and not the predetermined required rate of return (RRR) (Arshad, 2012). The major pitfall of IRR is that if losses are being made from the operation of a project and the company may be required to provide more capital, the problem of multiple IRR arises. I. e this occurs when negative cash flows are received. This type of cash flow is referred to as non-normal. In situations where the cash flows are changing, only the NPV method is applicable; the IRR method cannot be used for evaluation. When the project under evaluation is an independent project, meaning that the decision to invest in the project is independent and not compared to other projects, the ranking produced by the NPV and the IRR methods are not conflicting. They are similar such that, a project that is accepted through NPV is accepted with IRR. On the other hand, a project rejected when using NPV is also rejected with IRR (Investopedia, 2012). Both the two metrics are used in estimating profitability. However, there has been a debate that one of the methods is superior to the other. The NPV has been considered superior to the IRR by various studies. Understanding and grasping of the NPV by the general public is easy. Business managers are the most common user of the IRR method since its expression as a percentage makes returns be easily understood. NPV is better than IRR since the results from the same project changes with a change in the discount rate. With IRR, the same results are obtained even with a change in the discount rate for the same project (Schmidt, 2013). Hence with IRR, it is difficult to estimate the discount rate that will maximize the shareholders wealth. The consideration of different discount rate for a single project makes the NPV preferable for long-term investments as discount rates may change with time (Kaushal, 2015). Also, the NPV also considers the cost of capital. During the calculation of the p rojects profitability, the additional shareholders wealth is only taken into account when NPV is used but disregarded when IRR is used. For this reason, it is considered to be not consistent with the maximization of the shareholders wealth. The wealth of the shareholders is maximized when the returns from a project yield a positive NPV. Therefore, there exist a conflict in that; a project may be yielding a higher positive NPV, but its IRR could be lower. In this case, the firms goal of maximizing shareholders wealth (high NPV) is conflicted by that of reduced expected returns (lower IRR) (boundless.com, 2016). Fig: Two mutually exclusive projects compared using NPV and IRR Source: boundless .com For certain discount rates, the NPVs of project A are higher even though the IRR (x-axis intercept) is lower than that of project B. Conclusion In todays world, so many uncertainties are experienced especially in finance. Non-financial factors have therefore been of great important to the todays management. Most of this factors sound obvious and real. Their ignorance could make most investors to engage in projects that will later yield negative NPVs. Hence, they should be taken seriously. When deciding on the best method for the evaluation of projects, the NPV is a better method especially for long term projects. It is also better than IRR since the results reached are dependent on the rate of discount. IRR is not useful when the discount rate keeps on changing since the results do not change. Also, when there are more projects to be evaluated NPV is the best since problems arise when IRR is used in such a situation. References Arshad, A. (2012). Net Present Value is better than Internal Rate of Return. [Online] ijcrb.webs.com. Available at: https://journal-archieves26.webs.com/211-219.pdf [Accessed 26 Jul. 2016]. Chinweike, (2009). Investment Appraisal-8 non-financial factors that every accountants and managers should consider - Investment Small Business Accountants. [Online] Investment Small Business Accountants. Available at: https://www.accountantnextdoor.com/investment-appraisal-8-non-financial-factors-that-every-accountants-and-managers-should-consider/ [Accessed 24 Jul. 2016]. Chinweike, (2011). Non-monetary and financial factors of investment appraisal. [Online] HubPages. Available at: https://hubpages.com/money/non-monetary-and-financial-factors-of-investment-appraisal [Accessed 24 Jul. 2016]. Gotze, U., Northcott, D. and Schuster, P. (2015). Investment appraisal. Heidelberg: Springer. Ingram, D. (2016). Qualitative Factors in Capital Investment Decisions. [Online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/qualitative-factors-capital-investment-decisions-73769.html [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. Investopedia. (2012). Advantages and Disadvantages of NPV and IRR - Complete Guide to Corporate Finance | Investopedia. [Online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/walkthrough/corporate-finance/4/npv-irr/advantages-disadvantages.aspx [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. Kaushal, N. (2015). NPV vs IRR - Which is better? - WallStreetMojo. [Online] Free Investment Banking Tutorials | WallStreetMojo. Available at: https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/npv-vs-irr/ [Accessed 24 Jul. 2016]. McMenamin, J. (2002). Financial Management: An Introduction. Routledge. Mohamed, S. and McCowan, A. (2001), Modelling Project Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty Using Possibility Theory, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 19, N 4, pp. 231-241. Ittner, C. and Larcker, D. (2000). Non-financial Performance Measures: What Works and What Doesn't - Knowledge@Wharton. [Online] Knowledge@Wharton. Available at: https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/non-financial-performance-measures-what-works-and-what-doesnt/ [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. Schmidt, R. (2013). Understanding the Difference between NPV vs IRR. [Online] Propertymetrics.com. Available at: https://www.propertymetrics.com/blog/2013/06/28/npv-vs-irr/ [Accessed 26 Jul. 2016].

Things Fall Apart Characters Essay Example For Students

Things Fall Apart Characters Essay Akunna – Akunna is a clan leader of Umuofia. He and Mr. Brown discuss their religious beliefs peacefully. Neither converts the other, but they learn more about the other’s faith. Mr. Brown – Mr. Brown is the first white missionary to travel to Umuofia. He institutes a policy of compromise and understanding between his flock and the clan. He does not like his flock to antagonize the clan. He even becomes friends with prominent clansmen. He builds a school and a hospital in Umuofia and urges the clan to send their children to school. He warns them that if they do not learn to read and write, strangers who can will come and overtake them. We will write a custom essay on Things Fall Apart Characters specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Chielo – Chielo is a priestess in Umuofia. She is dedicated to the Oracle of the goddess Agbala. In ordinary life, she is a widow with two children. She is good friends with Ekwefi and is fond of Ezinma, whom she calls â€Å"my daughter.† The District Commissioner – The District Commissioner is an authority figure in the white colonial government in Nigeria. He is the typical, racist colonist who understands nothing of native African customs or cultures and has no respect for them. Ekwefi – Ekwefi is Okonkwo’s second wife. He won her heart when he defeated Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling contest in his youth. He was too poor to pay her bride-price then. A few years later, she ran away from her first husband to live with Okonkwo. She was the village beauty in her youth. Ezinma is her only surviving child. Her first nine children died in their infancy, and Ekwefi constantly fears that she will lose Ezinma as well. Ekwefi is good friends with Chielo, the priestess of the goddess Agbala. Enoch – Enoch is a zealous convert to the Christian church in Umuofia. He rips the mask off an egwugwu during an annual ceremony to honor the earth deity. Enoch’s action is equivalent to killing an ancestral spirit, so the egwugwu burn his compound and the Christian church to cleanse the village of Enoch’s terrible sin against the indigenous faith. This leads to a clash between the indigenous and colonial justice systems that ends with Okonkwo’s suicide, a grave sin in Umuofia’s belief system. Ezinma – Ezinma is the only child of Okonkwo’s second wife, Ekwefi. Ekwefi’s first nine children died in infancy, so Ezinma is the center of her mother’s world. She and her mother have a relationship that is more like that between equals than that between parent and child. She is also Okonkwo’s favorite child because she looks like her mother when Ekwefi was the village beauty. He is also fond of her because she understands him best of all his children. They develop an even closer bond when Okonkwo must spend seven years in exile in his mother’s native village. Okonkwo rarely demonstrates his affection, however, because he thinks it makes him look weak. Okonkwo also wishes Ezinma were a boy because she would have been the perfect son. Ikemefuna – Ikemefuna’s father murders a woman from Umuofia. Umuofia delivers a message to the murderer’s village that they must give Umuofia a young man and a virgin or go to war. The offending village gives Ikemefuna and a young maiden. The maiden becomes the wife of the murdered woman’s husband. Umuofia’s clan leaders do not know what to do with Ikemefuna so they give him to Okonkwo. Ikemefuna lives in the hut of Okonkwo’s first wife. He quickly becomes popular with Okonkwo’s children. He develops an especially close relationship with Nwoye, Okonkwo’s oldest son. .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 , .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .postImageUrl , .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 , .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67:hover , .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67:visited , .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67:active { border:0!important; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67:active , .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67 .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u611ef903497385082dd437fad1630d67:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frankenstein EssayOkonkwo becomes very fond of Ikemefuna as well, but he does not demonstrate his affection because he thinks it makes him look weak. Ikemefuna is the perfect clansman, and he calls Okonkwo â€Å"father.† After three years, the elders consult the Oracle about Ikemefuna’s fate. The Oracle tells them to kill Ikemefuna. The elders tell Okonkwo not to take a hand in Ikemefuna’s death because he calls Okonkwo â€Å"father.† They tell Ikemefuna that he is going back to his natal village, and a group of men goes with him. When they begin to attack him, Ikemefuna runs to Okonkwo for help. Okonkwo kills him to avoid looking weak. Nwoye co nverts to Christianity a few years later because he never comes to terms with Ikemefuna’s death, decreed by indigenous gods. Maduka – Maduka is Obierika’s son. He wins a wrestling contest in his mid-teens. Okonkwo wishes he had promising, manly sons like Maduka. Nwoye – Nwoye is Okonkwo’s oldest son. Okonkwo decides that Nwoye is weak and lazy from an early age. He continually beats the boy, hoping to correct the faults he perceives. When Ikemefuna comes to live in the hut of Nwoye’s mother, Nwoye quickly becomes attached to him. Ikemefuna is like an older brother to Nwoye. Under his influence, Nwoye begins to exhibit more masculine behavior, pleasing Okonkwo. After Ikemefuna’s death, Nwoye begins to doubt some of the laws and rules of his tribe. He also does not understand why twins must be thrown away to die. He converts to Christianity when the missionaries come to Mbanta while his father remains in exile. Okonkwo is furious that his son would be so â€Å"effeminate† and weak. Obiageli – Obiageli is the daughter of Okonkwo’s first wife. She and Ezinma are close in age, but Ezinma has a great deal of influence over her. Obierika – Obierika is a close friend of Okonkwo. When Okonkwo goes into exile in his mother’s natal village, Obierika sells the largest of Okonkwo’s yams. He sells some seed-yams, and gives others to sharecroppers. In this way, he ensures that Okonkwo does not suffer complete financial ruin. Okonkwo’s exile also makes him wonder why a man should be punished so harshly for accidentally killing a clansman. He also wonders why twin newborns must be thrown away to die since they committed no crime other than being born. Obierika comforts Okonkwo during his depression over Ikemefuna’s death, but he thinks Okonkwo was gravely wrong to take part in it. Ogbuefi Ezeudu – Ogbuefi Ezeudu is an important clan elder and leader. He was also a great warrior in his youth. He delivers the Oracle’s pronouncement of death for Ikemefuna to Okonkwo. He warns Okonkwo not to take part in the boy’s death because he calls Okonkwo â€Å"father.† When the announcement of the old man’s death occurs, Okonkwo shudders because the last time Ezeudu visited him, he delivered the Oracle’s pronouncement and his warning against taking a hand in killing Ikemefuna. Ogbuefi Ezeudu receives an elaborate warrior’s funeral because he was a great man in Umuofia. During the funeral, Okonkwo’s gun explodes, killing Ezeudu’s sixteen year old son by accident. Killing a clansman, even inadvertently, is an offense against the clan’s gods. Okonkwo has to go in exile for seven years to atone for his sin. He travels to his mother’s native village, Mbanta. Ojiugo – Ojiugo is Okonkwo’s third wife. Okonkwo – Okonkwo is a clan leader in Umuofia. His father, Unoka, was a coward and a spendthrift by the standards of the clan. He feared the sight of blood, never took a title, and died of an abominable illness. He left numerous heavy debts unpaid at his death. Since early childhood, Okonkwo was ashamed of his father. However, his hard work and his prowess in war earned him a position of high status and influence in his clan. He rises to a position of wealth sufficient to support three wives and their children. Okonkwo’s tragic flaw is that he is terrified of looking weak like his father; as a result, he behaves rashly, bringing a great deal of trouble and sorrow upon himself and his family. After he takes part in Ikemefuna’s death, his fortunes take a turn for the worse, and he ends by committing suicide, a grave sin in his clan. .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 , .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .postImageUrl , .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 , .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9:hover , .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9:visited , .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9:active { border:0!important; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9:active , .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9 .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f13f2b6c66b0d282e44c3f8f29fc3c9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Book of Matches explore EssayReverend James Smith – Smith is the missionary who replaces Mr. Brown. Unlike Brown, he is uncompromising and strict. He demands that his converts reject all of their indigenous beliefs, and he shows no respect for indigenous customs or culture. He is the stereotypical white colonist in many ways. Uchendu – Uchendu is the younger brother of Okonkwo’s mother. He receives Okonkwo and his family warmly when Okonkwo travels to Mbanta to spend his seven years in exile from his fatherland. He notices Okonkwo’s despair at his misfortune. He gathers his family together and explains to them the value of the mother and her people. A man stays in his fatherland when his life is good, but he seeks refuge in the motherland when his life is bitter and sorrowful. He advises Okonkwo to be grateful for the comfort his motherland offers him, or he will risk angering the dead, especially his mother, who is buried in Mbanta. He reminds Okonkwo that he himself has suffered in his life. All but one of his six wives are dead, and he has buried twenty-two children in his life. Uchendu is a peaceful, compromising man, unlike Okonkwo who acts rashly without thinking. Unoka – Unoka is Okonkwo’s father. By the standards of the clan, he is a coward and a spendthrift. He never took a single title in his life. He borrowed money from his clansmen, and rarely repaid his debts. He feared the sight of blood, so he never became a warrior. Moreover, he died of an abominable illness. From early childhood, Okonkwo was ashamed of his father.

Perlman, Selig. A History of Trade Unionism in the United States

Perlman, Selig. A History of Trade Unionism in the United States â€Å"A history of trade unionism in the united states† is a book written by Perlman Selig, one of the leading labor historians in the early twentieth century. The book is divided into three sections. The first part contains seven chapters that examine labor in the United States by commons and associates.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Perlman, Selig. A History of Trade Unionism in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The chapters in this part of the book are divided into time sections of the period between 1827 and 1896. In these chapters, Perlman seeks to examine the introduction of colonial and federal rule, citizenship, trade unionism, humanitarianism, nationalization and upheaval and reorganization. The second part of the book has the chapters 8 to 11, which look at the larger career of unionism. This part contains four chapters, which look at challenges, reformations and developments that have taken place from 1897 to the present time. The third part of the book contains the remaining chapters, 12 to 15, which consolidate several ideas proposed by the history of labor unions. This part forms a conclusion of ideas expressed in the book. It also portrays the economic interpretation, explains the idealistic factor, elaborates on the absence of an American labor party, and explains the rise of a political and economic dictatorship by the proletariat and trade unionism. This book was released after â€Å"history of labor†, a book that Perlman co-authored in 1918. The second part of the book â€Å"a history of trade unionism† was written as a continuation of the book mentioned above, to cover the period after 1897. The similarity between the two books is evident since Perlman used material that was of a similar kind to that used in the preparation of the book â€Å"history of labor†. These similar materials include original sources, for example, proceedings of trade union conventions, labor and employer papers and government reports, among others. The book is a good read as it contains a lot of special history about the recent period in the labor movement. One particular area of concern is the history of unionism in individual trades or industries, to which Perlman intends to direct the reader to additional accounts of the various phases of the subject, which he himself was out of necessity obliged to treat, though temporarily.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One concern about this book, which is similar to other books written by Perlman, is the conclusion. Like other writings, Perlman portrays American workers as being non radical. The author considers intellectuals in the US labor movement as outsiders, who aim at leading workers astray with the intention of acquiring communist visions. The motivation to write the book can be attributed to the author’s dislike of the duty assumed by intellectuals in the US labor movement. The author did not foresee the failure of business unionism, and its replacement with social movement unionism. As a result, most of the arguments by Perlman targeted at the outsider movement leaders were not true. The home grown intellectuals played a significant role in advancing the growth and development of labor unions. The views portrayed in the book are those of the author, and they may be influenced by his biases. Perlman is seen to be a racist, especially towards the Asians. As a result, his comprehension of the evolution of the labor movement may have been inhibited; therefore, shifting his focus to economics, as opposed to sociological factors such as ethnicity, race and status. Although Perlman is a significant person in the development of labor history, his theoretical blinders may have led him to centre his book on striking assumptions about the gro wth of labor unions instead of assessing and writing about the wider social, cultural and economic tendencies in play.

Traditions of modern Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Traditions of modern Greece - Essay Example Some explanation of the key Greek customs and traditions are below: Usually the Greek’s name themselves on the names of the Gods and other pious personalities. According to the Greek traditions, it is essential for the Greek to celebrate his name derivation from the God when the church celebrates the name of that God on a specific day annually. On the â€Å"name day† of an individual, the acquaintances and relatives of that individual call or visit him with no prior notice to give him blessing and warm wishes. According to the â€Å"name day† tradition, the rich Greeks accompany gifts on the visits as well symbolizing there position in the society. The host of the house presents the guests with many sweet delicacies (Gruen, pp. 49-55). The Festivities on the name day are more than on the birthday and are more important to the Greeks. The Greeks also have strong and very differential customs and traditions on Weddings and Engagements. It is compulsory for all Greeks to tie into engagement before the marriage. The man has to propose first which is similar in all cultures but the difference in the Greek custom is that the Greek man has to ask the father of the woman for acceptance first then only he can propose. When the father and the woman agree, then priest sanctifies the rings and the rings are then can only be worn on the left ring finger. The most common blessing the guests offer are â€Å"kala stephana† and â€Å"I ora I kali†. The Greeks have strong customs of marriage as well. In most of the small cities and villages, the dowry system exists. In the Dowry system, the family of the bride gives the groom family with huge presents. The presents are usually hand made by the female members of the bride’s family to symbolize there intense love for their daughter. However, this custom is no longer valid in big cities. On the wedding day, it is mandatory for the bride and grooms not

The Element Nitrogen Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Element Nitrogen - Research Paper Example Nitrogen is the most abundant gaseous component of earth’s atmosphere constituting 78% by volume.It is colorless, odorless and commonly inert gas.Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature with density of 0.001165 grams /cc. Solid nitrogen lets at 63.35 K and has a boiling point of 77.35 K. It has a relatively low heat of fusion and heat of vaporization of 51.48 J /g and 2.7928 J /mole respectively. Solid nitrogen has specific heat close to water at 1.040 J / g 0 C. Nitrogen has two stable naturally occurring isotopes, 14N and 15N. The predominant isotope being 14N has 99.636% natural abundance. Other isotopes are also noted but are short lived and decay rapidly. Triple bonding in diatomic nitrogen N2 is one of the strongest. Nitrogen has electronegativity of 3.04 and has 5 valence electrons in its outer shell; therefore, nitrogen is commonly trivalent in most compounds. Nitrogen is also non-flammable, therefore, is not combustible. It also has considerably high first ionization an d second ionization energy. Compounds of Nitrogen Nitrogen is non-metallic element. It commonly forms oxide in its different oxidation state. Nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most common oxides formed by nitrogen. It also forms dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4), and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) using its higher oxidation state.Nitrogen also forms hydride as ammonia (NH3). Nitrogen combines with Fluorine to form various fluorides like Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), Dinitrogen tetrafluoride (N2F4), cis-difluorodiazine (N2F2) and trans-difluorodiazine (N2F2). Nitrogen chloride and Nitrogen iodide can also be formed; NCl3and NI3. Ammonia (NH3) Ammonia is a colorless gas with characteristic pungent odor. It has density of 0.86  kg/m3. It is soluble in water to form basic hydroxide NH4OH. Solubility is increased at lower temperatures. Ammonia has trace concentration in the atmosphere as result of decaying matter. Ammonia and ammonium salts are present in rainwater and some areas where volcanic activity is noted. Ammonia is also present in soil and seawater. It is also found in Pluto, Jupiter and Uranium. The ancient Greek, European alchemists and the romans have historical writings about nitrogen. In 1774,Joseph Priestley successfully isolated gaseous ammonia and he called it alkaline air. Nitric acid (HNO3) Nitric acid is a strong acid commonly called aqua fortis and spirit of nitre. It is also a common oxidizing agent in organic and inorganic chemistry. Anhydrous nitric acid has density of 1.512 g/cm3, melting point of -420C and boils at 830C. Nitric acid partially decomposes to nitrogen dioxide (N2O) at room temperature. Nitric acid has been known since antiquity and is commonly used in alchemy. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish gas at room temperature. It is primarily an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid and a major air pollutant. It has density of 2.62 g cm-3and boils at 21  Ã‚ °C. Nitric oxide ( NO) Also called nitorgen monoxide. It is a free radical and is unstable in normal conditions. It is a a byproduct of combustion of fuel oils and automobile engines. Nitric oxide is colorless and has denisty of 1.3402 g dm?3, melts at ?164  Ã‚ °C, and boils at ?152  Ã‚ °C. Solubility in water is 74 cm3 dm?3. Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) Also called nitrogen peroxide. It is commonly found in equlibrium with NO2. It is known for its oxidizing power and corrosive properies. It is colorless gas with

Poison Politics Do Negative Campaign Ads Have an Affect on Voters Research Paper

Poison Politics Do Negative Campaign Ads Have an Affect on Voters - Research Paper Example It cast an influence on the voters which was sufficient to bring the intended result. Key words: Negative ad campaigns, Politics, election, affect on voters, beneficial, harmful. Introduction The minds always active in the towers of politics have gained the knowledge of the powers of the media and its overwhelming effects over the minds of the populace. They have realized that media can be utilized as the biggest medium of propagation. The exploitation of media in one’s purpose has become a norm of today’s political sociality. The rule is practiced in the political campaigns of the entire world but in the United States of America, the ratio is relatively the bigger. In fact media is one of the only tools the candidates for presidency in the United States of America use to attract the masses towards their will. In the course, no hesitation is felt to highlight the negative aspects of the opponent’s life. Such ads in which the opponent’s image is presented a s unfavorable are called negative ads and hence the negative ad campaigns (Kamber, 1997). Negative ads work to exploit the sentiments and emotions of the society. Negative ads work because humans are emotional and psychologically they are impressed by appeals. Though the overall turnout is not necessarily affected by the negative ad campaigns, it however helps in turning one’s already developed point of view. â€Å"Advertising matters at the margins. ... One unconsciously processes the ads though he claims to have his mind not affected by the ads. About the undecided voters, â€Å"Drew Western† found them completely overwhelmed by the negative political ads. The reason behind is just simple: humans are curious for harms. We always stop to the wreck of a car but never to the flowers all around the roads (Sohn, 2012). Statement of Problem 47% Video is an ad in which Romney spoke at a fundraiser in the words: â€Å"there are 47% who are with Obama, who are dependent on government, who believe they are victims, and who believe the government has a responsibility to care for them† (Newport, 2012). The video entangled Mitt Romney as he had talked abusingly of the American people. Obama and company exploited the video against Romney. They told the people that Romney did not deserve to be their President as he had talked about them scornfully. The ad affected the overall political scenario of the United States of America. The s trength of negativity lies in its pulling of the people to search for more information about the candidates. For instance, the 47% video of Romney leaked in the recent elections. He was talking to some confidante in a closed room and at a suitable time, the conversation recorded was made open to the whole nation. The video compelled a large number of people to rethink of their favor for Romney. Many were heard to say that after watching the said advertisement, they were of the view that Romney was narrow-minded and such a person could not lead the nation among huge crisis. This is now to evaluate the statement that negative ads definitely work. The results of the 2012 Presidential Elections reveal that both the candidates fought with each

Context Aware Academic Planner Design

Context Aware Academic Planner Design Designing a Context Aware Academic Planner Al Khan bin Abdul Gani Abstract Academic calendar planner is an application whereby can give tremendous advantages to students, particularly university students and academic personnel. By using the academic calendar planner, student and academic personnel can manage their academic schedule anytime anywhere. Academic calendar planner let user to edit and amend their calendar activity up to date. Rather than that, user can have the interaction between other user which is interaction between lecturers and students. One ability that can’t be find in other academic calendar planner is the ability to change the view from monthly, weekly and daily basis and per semester based on user preference. And for that, academic calendar planner allow user to create group and which each user has ability to see the schedule of other user. Keywords— Academic Planner, social application Introduction The aim of this paper is to determine the context aware to be considered to develop academic planner by do literature review on previous paper and conducting a survey of students and lecturers to acquire the response regarding the academic planner. This paper focuses on proposed academic planner for UiTM. Academic calendar planner is an application whereby can give tremendous advantages to students, particularly university students and academic personnel. By using the academic calendar planner, student and academic personnel can manage their academic schedule anytime anywhere. Academic calendar planner let user to edit and amend their calendar activity up to date. Rather than that, user can have the interaction between other user which is interaction between lecturers and students. One ability that can’t be find in other academic calendar planner is the ability to change the view from monthly, weekly and daily basis and per semester based on user preference. And for that, acad emic calendar planner allow user to create group and which each user has ability to see the schedule of other user. Background This application develop for those student, lecturer and academic personnel who’re looking for featured application to manage their academic calendar. Current system in Universtity for an example UiTM only provide non-dynamic academic application to Student and Lecturer. Basically they totally rely on academic calendar to help them manage their academic schedules. But the problem with the existing academic calendar is, the calendar are limited to certain activities such as: Only academic personnel has right to add new academic plan, university events, public holidays etc. Lecturer and student can only view the calendar. They don’t have the authorization to do the updates or change any of the calendar information. Sometimes Lecturer wants to cancel and do the class replacement. Because of limited functionality of the current academic calendar, this leads to unreliable calendar information. In certain circumstances, student need to meet their lecturer, unfortunately lecturer is not are not around. This is due to unreliable calendar information about the availability status. METHODOLOGY This research is to determine key areas for a specification requirement to be considered for designing a context aware Academic. Two approaches have been used to find the best practice to identify the appropriate elements and features based on a literature survey and questionnaires. FRAMEWORK Element/Feature Application Figure 1: Research mission. Figure 1 represent the methods used to determine the features before design the application Literature review A literature review need to be done in order to continue the study on this topic. A literature survey was conducted to investigate the current issues and common element features of developing a context aware. Table 2 is a draft of element functions involving the academic planner system. TABLE 2: DRAFT FROM LITERATURE SURVEY The existing other Planner A literature review need to be done in order to continue the study on this topic Context awareness Ubiquitous computing (pervasive systems) was first proposed by Weiser (1991). Context-aware systems are a type of pervasive system and are viewed by computer scientists as a mature technology [1, 2]. A definition for context is given by Day in [3]: context is any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity, an entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including the user and application themselves. Context-aware systems are able to gather contextual information from a variety of sources without explicit user interaction and adapt their operation accordingly [4]. Context-aware systems have the ability to integrate easily with any service domain, such as healthcare, commerce, learning and transport. A context-aware system must include three essential elements: sensors, processing and action. Three types of sensors are defined: physical, virtual and logical [5]. A physical sensor, such as a camera or thermometer, captures information about its local environment [6]. In contrast, virtual sensors extract information from virtual space, which is defined as the set of data, applications and tools created and deployed by the user. Logical sensors combine physical and virtual sensors to extract context information. For example, a company can infer that an employee is working from home using login information (a virtual sensor) and a camera (physical sensor) [1]. Context-aware user interfaces facilitate the user interaction by suggesting or prefilling data derived from the users current context. This raises the problem of determining which context information can be used as input for which interaction element in the user interface. This task is especially challenging as the texts that describe the elements, e.g. their labels, often differ in the terminology used. To facilitate the interaction with an application, we need user interfaces (UIs) that provide proactive assistance, for example by suggesting which values to enter in a form. Melanie is his paper present a novel mapping process for that purpose which combines the advantages of string-based and semantic similarity measures to bridge the vocabulary gap between context and UI element, and which is able to automatically extend its vocabulary by observing the users interactions. Their research show that these two features dramatically increase the quality of the resulting mapping. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed mapping process does not require any training or manually tagged data. Further, it does not only use the label to describe the context and UI elements, but additional texts like their tooltips. Context-aware applications are expected to become a remarkable application area within future mobile computing. As mobile phones form a natural tool for interaction between people, the influence of the current context on collaboration is desirable to take into account to enhance the efficiency and quality of the interaction [1]. Context-aware mobile devices have so far been investigated mainly from the technological point of view, examining context-recognition and sensor technologies inferring logic, system architectures or infrastructure. There have also been examples where contextual information has been used to facilitate co-operation between mobile users. User’s personal information, such as reminders, phonebook contacts or calendar notes, can be used as an information source which is used when creating location-sensitive messages, as done with CybreMinder [2]. Schmidt et al. [3] introduced a context-aware phonebook, which indicates the availability of a contact the user wants to call to. Location is probably the most commonly used context attribute, and it has been used to develop numerous location-aware mobile systems, such as GUIDE tour guide in Lancaster [4] or visitor’s guide at Tate Gallery, London [5]. Cloud Application A cloud application (or cloud app) is an application program that functions in the cloud, with some characteristics of a pure desktop app and some characteristics of a pure Web app. A desktop app resides entirely on a single device at the users location (it doesnt necessarily have to be a desktop computer). A Web app is stored entirely on a remote server and is delivered over the Internet through a browser interface. Like desktop apps, cloud apps can provide fast responsiveness and can work offline. Like web apps, cloud apps need not permanently reside on the local device, but they can be easily updated online. Cloud apps are therefore under the users constant control, yet they need not always consume storage space on the users computer or communications device. Assuming that the user has a reasonably fast Internet connection, a well-written cloud app offers all the interactivity of a desktop app along with the portability of a Web app. If you have a cloud app, it can be used by anyone with a Web browser and a communications device that can connect to the Internet. While tools exist and can be modified in the cloud, the actual user interface exists on the local device. The user can cache data locally, enabling full offline mode when desired. A cloud app, unlike a Web app, can be used on board an aircraft or in any other sensitive situation where wireless devices are not allowed, because the app w ill function even when the Internet connection is disabled. In addition, cloud apps can provide some functionality even when no Internet connection is available for extended periods (while camping in a remote wilderness, for example). Cloud apps have become popular among people who share content on the Internet. Linebreak S.L., based in Spain, offers a cloud app named (appropriately enough) CloudApp, which allows subscribers to share files, images, links, music, and videos. Amazon Web Services offers an AppStore that facilitates quick and easy deployment of programs and applications stored in the cloud. Google offers a solution called AppEngine that allows users to develop and run their own applications on Googles infrastructure. Google also offers a popular calendar (scheduling) cloud app. FINDINGS Questionnaires Analysis Proposed Feature In Academic Planner After several study in traditional planner and existing planner that related to Academic Planner, reviewing literature and questionnaire, the new features introduced to improve the academic planner Optimizing class scheduling in collaborative mobile systems through distributed voting Decision making through distributed voting can help automate routine-like collaborative class schedule, appointment and Event. In this paper author concentrate on how distributed voting strategies can be used for scheduling meetings in mobile and pervasive environments. Their work focuses on optimizing the meeting scheduling result for each participant in a mobile team by using user-specific preferences and information available on their devices. This negotiation is done in a distributed manner directly between the peers. In this paper author describe different approaches for the decision making strategy involving voting theory to balance out the different user preferences and availabilities. The weight of the votes from each participant can also be adjusted according to their importance or necessity in the given meeting. We also introduce briefly an approach to support distributed decision making strategies pervasively using a lightweight Web-based platform. To conclude the paper, w e give our views on the future development directions and evaluation plans as well as extend the approach for other related domains [1]. Categorizing Task Occurrence Pattern When we make a future plan of our work, we can predict or forecast the upcoming tasks, because we know that fair amount of our tasks are to be occurred as were occurred in the last year/month repeatedly. In addition, we know we have many dependent tasks; for example, there will be a series of regular meetings with the ofà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ce staff for which various auxiliary tasks need to be completed, for example, Announcement, Setting up Room, and Sending Minutes tasks. These related tasks are approximately on the same time grid with other corresponding tasks. This type of regularity is called a Task Occurrence Pattern, which arises from the repetition of tasks and the alignment of related tasks [4]. To conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rm how much the real tasks are on the Task Occurrence Pattern, all tasks of a year of a user, who is a graduate student, are gathered and inspected from the view point of dependence and recurrence.

Technologies of Seduction Essays -- Seduction Cinematic Body Film Essa

Technologies of Seduction â€Å"There can be no question of escaping the twisted logic of theoretical writing; there are only different ways of coming to terms with it.† (Shaviro 11) Blind Beast (Masumura Yasuzo 1969), Ghost in the Shell (Ohii Mamoru 1995), and Spirited Away (Miyazaki Hayao 2001) sustain the relation between the ‘body’ and ‘technology’: its terrific horror is its seduction. Captured bodies cut, cybernetic bodies hacked, and fattened bodies served. These three films all capture the viewer and take us to another place, and even in the seduction of representation understood as events (the theory-fiction of film analyses), such films can be understood as narratives, images, and sounds of losing the self in the moment, an abandon to seduction that constitutes a relation between technologies and bodies. The terrific is the pleasure of the seduction, and the horrific the unavoidable and, indeed, necessary trepidation felt in falling into the utterly convincing and charming seducer’s reality. Steven Shaviro’s theory of film fatale offers a thorough account of what sustains and characterizes the relationship Fri edrich Kittler describes between body and technology: â€Å"Wherever media were unable to connect, human interfaces filled the niche.† What is seduction? To answer this question would be to work productively, a principle of production that is very much oppositional to seduction. Seduction is something like persuasion or convincing, but does not work at a level of cognition. The cinematic image is at once intense and impalpable. On the one hand, film (even more than other visual forms, and in sharp contrast to the articulations of language) is inescapably literal. Images confront the viewer directly, with... ... the same level of suspicion as the productive and representational. The salvation, then, of this argument, a string of mediations that claim to produce an effect on discourse or understanding, is in its denied seductive ulterior. An allurement that occurs just where it is not spoken of, and for just the reasons that remain unsaid. Theory against itself is here a most cunning seduction. WORKS CITED Carpenter, Novella. â€Å"Avant-Prof. An Interview with Steven Shaviro.† Alt-X Press. Dec. 11, 2002. http://www.altx.com/int2/steven.shaviro.html Creed, Barbara. â€Å"Horror and the Monstrous-Feminine: an Imaginary Abjection.† in Jancovich, ed., Horror, The Film Reader. New York: Routledge, 2002. Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women. London: Free Association, 1990. Shaviro, Steven. The Cinematic Body. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.

Crime Information System Essay

This system is going to use by the police service department of Ghana. Our intension of developing this system is that, we want to have the exact record of all the people who are sent to police this system is going to help all Ghanaians, to know how our police service keep records. The system is also going to help the people in the society to know what happens to culprit sent to police station. The current trend of the system in operation now is paper based or a file system, which is not helping our record keeping system. The current way which the police operate is paper based and it has so many complications. Papers are being manipulated in so many ways to suite the interest of others, and i think is not helping our police service. Information technology has a way of keeping information, which is more safe and secured than what is in operation now. Database is one of them which have been very helpful in so many institutions and we there are other record keeping systems too which are very efficient in it field of work. Information system is more secured and reliable than paper based system, so are in the view that, if our police service adopt this modern way of keeping information is going to help our society to have accurate information about criminals and law breakers in the society. Information system record keeping, reduce redundancy, speed up work rate also prevent intruders or unauthorized users from getting access to our confidential information. 1.2 Problem Statement: The police service have being running on manual file system whereby in so many cases, people are let go free even when they are at fault. We want a system which is going to help our police service to operate accurately without any favor from anybody. Peoples’ rights have being down played and others too have being favored heavily because of their position or political affiliation. So many innocent Ghanaians have found themselves in police custody for no fact or actual reason; this is something which is very wrong in human right and our modern way of democracy our political dispensation. 1.3 Aim and Objective: 1. The system must be able to record information about culprit. 2. The system must be able to have good record of anybody that is sent to the police station. 3. The system must keep adequate information about the criminals being sent to police station 1.4 Relevance of Study: If my proposed system is admitted, it will help in, 1. To speed up court proceedings 2. To have credible record about the culprit 3. To have a well-organized record system that will enable the police department find information easily. 4. To eliminate unnecessary duplication of records 5. To ensure that only authorize personalities have access to sensitive information. 6. To help the police department retrieve information easily when needed.

Cultural Border Crossing And Collateral Learning Education Essay

Cultural boundary line crossing is said to happen when a individual is traveling from one societal community to another. A pupil late excelled in her GCE ‘O ‘ Level June Examination and was transferred to an International School of the state from a scientific discipline premier school of the state by her parents. This miss for case will be sing cultural boundary line crossing as she is traveling from a local authorities school to an international school where the civilizations of this international school is mostly typical from her old school ( as this school ‘s system is an version of the United Kingdom ‘s educational system ) . Collateral larning on the other manus is covering with how the scholars build their scientific cognition with little intervention and interaction of their autochthonal constructs. In a simple educational impression, indirect acquisition can be said as a solution to how the pupils cope with the cultural boundary line crossing. There are different types of collateral acquisition ( as this peculiar subject of acquisition is non of the involvement of the authorship, it will non be elaborated further ) for case, for the miss who merely entered the international school, she has learned that in this new school the schoolroom acquisition environment is different from what she has been sing even when she was in the premier scientific discipline school for about four and a half yeasr. She was said to be truly quiet in the category by her Biology instructor and the instructor thought she was sort of non interested in her survey but her consequences showed the otherwise. She did n't anticipate t hat her instructor would see her that manner as she was largely expected to be quiet during the lesson in her old school. Now she learned that she needs to be more actively involved and she is easy going actively take parting in the lesson. This might be termed as dependent collateral type of acquisition. Integrating the learning what scientific civilization entails in the mundane life of the scholar into the scientific discipline course of study in Brunei Darussalam as a scheme for assisting pupils transverse cultural boundary line A cultural attack to learning and larning harmonizing to Aikenhead ( 2001 ) involves pupils in cultural dialogues. This dialogue happens in a state of affairs where larning scientific discipline is experienced as â€Å" coming to cognize, † a phrase borrowed from Autochthonal pedagogues ( Ermine, 1998 ; Peat 1994 ) . The dialogue in school scientific discipline is termed as â€Å" multi-science instruction † ( Ogawa, 1995 ) . Through the cross-cultural scientific discipline learning these dialogues can be facilitated ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . Coming to cognize is about developing cultural individuality and self-pride ( Cajete, 1999 ; McKinley, 1998 ; McKinley et al. , 1992 ; Richie & A ; Butler, 1990 For most autochthonal pupils, the cultural attack to science instruction in the acquisition of Western is a cross-cultural event ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . Students frequently made passage from their mundane civilizations associated with place to the civilization of Western scientific discipline ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . The smoothness of one ‘s ability to traverse cultural boundary line can partially find their success at larning the nature of another civilization ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . Teachers ‘ aid is frequently needed by these, in the same manner a tourer in a foreign land necessitating the aid of a circuit usher ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . In short, a scientific discipline instructor needs to play the function of a tour-guide civilization agent ( Aikenhead, 1997 ) . This is where the instruction approaches come into context in which the instructor acts as a civilization agent. As a civilization agent, the instructor clearly recognizes the boundary line to be crossed, escorts pupils across that boundary line, and assists pupils negotiate cultural battles that might originate ( Aikenhead, 1997 ) . A culture-brokering scientific discipline teacher demand to do the being of boundary line crossings obvious to the pupils during the instruction and acquisition by acknowledging pupils ‘ personal prepossessions and Indigenous worldviews that have a intent in, or association to, pupils ‘ mundane civilization. The instructor as a civilization agent identifies the civilization in which pupils ‘ personal thoughts are placed, and so introduces alternate cultural point of position, that is, the civilization of Western scientific discipline, in the context of Indigenous cognition ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . At the same clip, a civilization agent demand to do pupils cognizant of what civilization he/she is speaking in at any given minute ( e.g. Autochthonal scientific discipline or Western scientific discipline ) , as instructors might unconsciously exchange between civilizations, much to the confusion of many pupils ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . An illustration of schoolroom ( or labs ) scene in which pupils are made cognizant of what civilization he/she is speaking in at any given minute as illustrated by Aikenhead ( 2001 ) is by holding two different black boards or in about all schools in Brunei would be white boards- 1 for Autochthonal scientific discipline, another for Western scientific discipline. Aikenhead ( 2001 ) explained that one of the boards is used to enter thoughts expressed in the discourse of the community ‘s Indigenous cognition, while the other board is used to show the civilization of Western scientific discipline. By substituting from one board to the other ( cultural boundary line traversing ) , pupils consciously change linguistic communication conventions and conceptualisations. This cross-cultural instruction every bit claimed as Aikenhead ( 2001 ) AIDSs pupils expand their entree to Western scientific discipline without losing sight of their cultural individuality ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . An option to the above attack is by implementing a technique to recognize any elucidation emerged from the Melanie survey ( Aikenhead, 1996 ) . The thought of the technique is to pull a clear differentiation between the linguistic communication pupils use to research and develop their ain thoughts about natural phenomena, and the linguistic communication scientists normally use. In this technique pupils split a page in their notebook in half, labeling the left-hand column â€Å" my thought † ( personal cognition of an event or account from the point of position of one of the pupil ‘s life-world subcultures, and utilizing its linguistic communication ) and the right-hand column â€Å" subculture of scientific discipline † ( canonical cognition utilizing appropriate scientific linguistic communication ) . The instruction in civilization brokering should advance discourse ( Cobern & A ; Aikenhead, 1998 ; Driver et al. , 1994 ) to supply pupils with chances to to the full prosecute in the acquisition. The instruction should give pupils chances to sound and show their thoughts in their ain cultural manner without being judged for being â€Å" unscientific. Teachers can easy make this by being unfastened yet still being sensible to the pupils. For case, follow more treatment type of lesson instead than teacher spoon feeding the pupils with the cognition at all clip or better known as the ‘chalk & A ; talk ‘ lesson. Students should besides be allowed every bit much as possible to use their autochthonal civilization cognition during any treatment or any category activity. ) . To ease pupils ‘ boundary line crossings, instructors and pupils both need to be flexible and playful, and to experience at easiness in the lupus erythematosus familiar civilization ( Lugones, 1987 ) . Based on different but related research plans in Western educational systems, Costa ( 1995 ) , Cobern ( 1994b ) , and Layton et Al. ( 1993, Ch. 8 ) semen to really similar policy recommendations: we should learn scientific discipline embedded in a societal and technological surroundings that has range and force for pupils ‘ universes, worldviews, or practical experiences ( severally ) that is the instruction in any manner should do connexion or relation with the society every bit good as the technological context. There is a demand for instructors to level barriers between pupils and scientific discipline, by doing the bringing of the scientific discipline content easy understood and supplying a vision of the importance of scientific discipline in their mundane life. For illustration in biological science, the factor impacting the rate of transpiration is besides applicable to factors to hanging apparels outside under the direct Sun. Teacher should show the scientific discipline learning with a different representation to avoid pupils to comprehend scientific discipline as something complex and abstract and in a manner that it is interesting and ever catching their attending and eliciting wonder doing them desire to larn more so they know more. The instruction should be presented in a simple mode in a manner that it should be directing that is utilizing simple 2nd communicating linguistic communication ( most of the clip for Science schoolroom would be English ) so it would be easier for the pupils to hold on the chief construct, for case in biological science, use the term little and big bowel alternatively of ileum or colon severally. The instruction should be inclusive particularly during category activities. It is inclusive in a manner that all pupils are made involved and they have the impression that every individual of them is capable of making what is instructed in the scientific discipline lesson during category activity on any scientific experiment for illustration the ability to utilize microscope to look at micro-organism. Students besides need to be given chance to research and play to show to them the merriment and prosecuting facets of larning scientific discipline. This is like giving them firsthand experiences in scientific discipline acquisition to supply a agency for them to entree scientific discipline, and to get down oppugning their topographic point in scientific discipline ( Howitt, www.aare.edu.au ) . Aikenhead ( 2001 ) one time stated that â€Å" When we perceive our pupils otherwise, our direction can alter consequently † . As a whole, Solomon and Aikenhead ( 1994 ) stated that instructors need to link the class content to pupils ‘ academic involvements by building a span to the civilization of Western scientific discipline out of proficient and societal issues, and out of the history, epistemology, and sociology of scientific discipline. Aikenhead et Al. ( 1998 ) suggested that instruction of scientific discipline should be able to pull upon the cultural universes of pupils and makes sense in those universes. Teaching methods should be developed to take in integrating the content or facets of another civilization into a pupils ‘ mundane civilization and enable pupils to bask and build intending out of Western scientific discipline without the demand to absorb scientific discipline ‘s cultural luggage ( Aikenhead et al. , 1998 ) .

Mummies in Egypt essays

Mummies in Egypt essays Come see the amazing mummies of ancient Egypt. These mummies have stood the testament of time lasting thousands of years. You can come and witness one of the most famous mummies of all time, Tutankhamun. His tomb, which was discovered in 1992, was filled with statues, gold, hieroglyphics and a lot more ancient artifacts. On his mask he has two symbols representing he was the ruler of lower and upper Egypt. This tomb helped piece together Egyptian culture more than any other Egyptian site because it was untouched by grave robbers. For 3000 years it lied frozen in time and untainted by later civilizations. You can still see the corps today thanks to a process known as mummification. It takes approximately 17 days to complete this process. First the body was purified, and then they would take out the persons organs. They made a slit on the left side of the body so they could remove the intestines, liver, stomach and lungs. The organs were dried out using natron, a mixture of different types of minerals and salts, and then wrapped in linens. They were then placed into canopic jars. The jars were decorated with the four sons of Horus. The body was then stuffed with natron, which helped the body to dry out faster and retard the spread of bacteria. They took out the brain with a long hook and since they did not find it important, they probably threw it away. The body was then put on a board covered with natron, which soaked up any remaining fluids. (Natron occurs in Egypt in a few places. Water containing natron in solution comes to the surface and is evaporated, leaving the natron as surface deposits.) The body is then wrapped in about 20 layers of linens. Finally a mask was put over the head and it was ready for the funeral. The ancient Egyptians obviously had very strong religious beliefs. This was the whole reasoning behind the mummification process. Many ancient tombs have drawings of gods and goddesses. The most popular god i...

Methodology chapter in my dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Methodology chapter in my dissertation - Essay Example Interpretivism denotes a research method that lays importance on deductive reasoning and is thus in contrast to positivism. For the deductive reasoning process, the researcher interprets data keeping in mind the context and meaning of the observed phenomenon, and hence is a qualitative process (Carson et al., 2001; Denzin & Lincoln, 2003). Pragmatism denotes an attitude that reflects efficiency and utility (Thayer, 2011). The researcher interprets the data in a manner that serves his purpose best. In this sense, it can be said that pragmatism combines both qualitative and quantitative aspects of data collection and interpretation. Investment decision in the selected chemical companies is to be based on a analysis of the data of each firm at micro-level, in the macro-context of the chemical industry. It entails both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Hence, the Researcher is choosing the pragmatism methodology for this

Employee Scenarios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Scenarios - Essay Example This paper analyzes internet abuse, sexual harassment, and substance abuse as fictional scenarios, which employer deals with regarding employees. All these scenarios have effects to the employee and the employer. The employee finds it difficult to cope with such situations in the company. It makes it impossible for the employer, to delegate duties to such workers, because of poor performance. On the other hand, employees find it difficult to cope with work demands, when the scenarios’ affect them. It is important for employers to form and develop regulations within their work place that tend to regulate occurrence of such scenarios within the work place. Technology enables majority of employees to use the internet when undertaking company duties. The internet gives relevance to the type of work an employee undertakes and some irrelevant to his or her work. In both cases, internet plays a crucial role when performing different company duties. In econet wireless company, a company that offers internet wireless services to his customers, Bradley, the companies’ supervisor director, gets into serious problems with his manager, after he is found watching pornographic videos using the company’s internet at work. Clearly, the company has rules and regulations that regulate internet usage of the employees. The rules and regulations seem not right to Bradley and he decides to abuse the rules by going to unpleasant sites to watch the videos. According to his employer, this becomes a gigantic scenario as the company’s rules and regulations violation. Regular conduct of job examination studies and certification of the resul ts helps guard employers from unfair treatment (Jackson, Schuler & Werner, 2012, p.153). Bradley’s manager positions himself as a perfect employer because he had the regular examination, but Bradley had not taken it seriously. However, the company still

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reflection - Essay Example Like every religion, Catholism has certain mythical background to which there is no commendable proof when looking back in to the history. Some people still debate on the life of Jesus and the miracles he performed to revive people of his times. Christianity is not abundant with rituals, however to certain extend rituals does decorate the religious practice. However, ethics is of great importance in Catholism as the teachings of Christ are entirely based on a moralistic and ethical life. Moreover, the emotional experience in Christianity is exaggerating as the death of Jesus to eradicate the sin of people has been focused to soften the mind of people. In Christianity material expression is notable as preaching gospels and signing gospel hymns is an integral part of the religion. As a Christian I can affirm that Christianity is a sacred religion with belief system as its strongest element. Recently ,there are many religious movements which have emerged in this world which is centered on distinctive belief system and rituals. One of them is Rastafarian religion, practiced mainly in Jamaican society. This religious has a strong belief system, where they believe that the last Emperor of Ethiopia is a messiah of the world. Rastafarians practice their religion in a community and propagates that African community is the haven of human origination. They nuture certain myths as God is black and that salvation can be attained only by Black people. With regard to rituals, Rastafarianism is unique as it place music as its ritualistic practice. Unlike other religion, Rastafarians does not have religiously inculcated ritualistic practice or customs. This religion has a valid ethical system as it refers to biblical texts and parables to propagate high moral standards of living. Rastafarians are strict vegetarians and abhor alcohol in an attempt to be spiritual and pure. This religion

Birth Order and Aggressive Behavior Essay Example for Free

Birth Order and Aggressive Behavior Essay ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to determine if birth order correlates to a demonstration of aggressiveness in kindergarten aged children. It is hypothesized that middle born children will demonstrate the most aggressive tendencies, last born children would experience less than the first born, and only children would have the least when compared to all other birth orders. This quasi-experimental methodology will involve a field study of children from the ten kindergarten classes at the Seoul American Elementary School (SAES). Teachers will be asked to complete the Child Behavior Scale (CBS) inventory on each child, used to measure six behavior categories related to aggression. Each CBS inventory will include birth data for the student whose behavior was observed. The findings are expected to show a correlation between birth order and a tendency toward aggression. INTRODUCTION Everyone who is born into a family arrives relative to other children who have already been born or will be at some point in the future or perhaps as an only child. Birth order does not permanently mark each child such as race or gender, but it can impact on the way a person responds to the environment. There have been a number of studies done on the relationship of birth order to personality, intelligence, anxiety and other characteristics with the belief that each child born into a family is treated differently based on their birth order, family interaction and subsequent challenges. Some birth order theorists believe that a childs position in the family greatly influences their personality characteristics which directly affect their behavior both inside and outside of the home (Morales). Not every theorist has the same view and there are those that believe a psychological birth order has more impact than the physical birth order on the development of personality characteristics (Campbell, White Stewart, 1991). In his book, Born to Rebel, Frank Sulloway describes how birth order influences our lives in many different ways from achievement to rebellion and from conformity to creativity (The Edge, 1998). While firstborns and laterborns are not much different in overall levels of creativity, the differences in how that creativity is exercised is very different. Firstborns are more likely to win the Nobel Prize by intellectual achievement within the system while the younger siblings will be more inclined to accept radical innovations in science and social though. His findings showed that revolutionaries and those who supported them were disproportionately likely to be later-borns (Sulloway, 1999). While not every social scientist agreed with Sulloways research (Harris, 1995; e.g., Falbo, 1997 ), others conducted follow-up studies that confirmed the original findings (Zweigenhaft Ammon, 2000), and Freese, Powell Steelman discovered measures in addition to birth order to help explain reasons for various behaviors (1999). This study hopes to build on previous research to determine whether a correlation exists between birth order and a childs tendency to demonstrate aggressiveness. METHOD Coordination with the Seoul American Elementary School (SAES), a Department of Defense Dependent School located on Yongsan Army Base, Yongsan, Seoul, Korea, will be done to get permission for the study. Permission from the school and the parents of the children selected will be obtained prior to the start of this study. PARTICIPANTS This study will be conducted in the classroom during normal school hours for all students attending the ten full day Kindergarten classes at SAES during a specified 30 day period of the school year. There will be approximately 360 students for this study with an equal number of girls and boys, with 45% of the class comprised of Asian-Americans, 20% African-Americans, 15%Â  Latin-Americans and the remainder Caucasians. APPARATUS/MATERIALS Teachers will be provided the Child Behavior Scale (CBS) inventory as a means to assess aggressive, prosocial, and withdrawn behaviors of children ages 5-6 years of age. The CBS contains 59 items for which the teacher must respond using a 3-point response scale (1=doesnt apply, 2=applies sometimes, 3=certainly applies) (Ladd Profilet, 1996). The CBS measures six categories of behavior as follows: aggressiveness with peers, prosocial behavior with peers, exclusion by peers, asocial behavior with peers, hyperactive-distractible behavior, and anxious-fearful behavior. Copies of the CBS inventory and permission for its use will be obtained from its author, Dr. Gary Ladd, at Arizona State University (an email request has been sent copy of email attached). PROCEDURE Teachers from the 10 Kindergarten classes will observe their students for a specified 30 days during the school year, completing the CBS inventory for each student during that time. The teacher will indicate the birth order of the child on the completed inventory which will then be turned in to the SAES front office to be picked up by the study group. RESULTS The expected results will validate the hypothesis that middle born children will tend to demonstrate more aggressive behavior than either first born, last born or only children. Tables are expected to be used for this study and will include a listing of the CBS subscale items related to firstborn, middleborn, lastborn and onlyborn, further identified by girl and boy. An example follows: DISCUSSION Apart from the effects of birth order, there is little information about the ways in which the nonshared environment influences human development, mainly because psychologists have not been successful in developing direct measures of this environment. The challenge for future researchers lies in devising ways to test competing hypotheses that bear on the nature and influence of this elusive environment. Peer groups are an important aspect of this type of environmental influence, but so is the family environment and life experiences as well (Sulloway, 98). REFERENCES Campbell, L., White, J., Stewart, A. (1991). The relationship of psychological birth order to actual birth order. Individual Psychology, 47: 380-391. Falbo, T. (1997). To rebel or not to rebel? Is this the birth order question? Contemporary Psychology, 42: 938-939. Freese, J., Powell, B., Steelman, L.C., (1999). Rebel without a cause or effect: birth order and social attitudes. American Sociological Review, 64: 207-231. Harris, Judith Rich. (1995). Where is the childs environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102: 458-89. How is Personality Formed? A Talk with Frank J. Sulloway (1998). The Edge Foundation, Inc., Third Culture. Accessed on 13 Feb 2004 at: www.edge.org/3rd_culture/sulloway . Ladd, G. Profilet, S. (1996). The child behavior scale: A teacher-report measure of young childrens aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behaviors. Development Psychololgy, 32 (6), 1008-1024. Morales, C. (1994). Birth Order Theory: A Case for Cooperative Learning. Journal of Instructional Psychology 21: 246-250. Rubin, R. Hubbard, J. (2003). Childrens verbalizations and cheating behavior during game playing: the role of sociometric status, aggression, and gender. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31: 65-78. Solo, R., MacLin, M., (2002). Experimental Psychology. Boston: Allyn Bacon. Sulloway, F. (1999). Birth Order in Runco, M. Pritzker, eds., Encyclopedia of Creativity, 1:189-202. Zweigenhaft, R., Ammon, J., (2000). Birth Order and Civil Disobedience: A Test of Sulloways Born to Rebel Hypothesis. Journal of Social Psychology, 140: 624-628.